Which term refers to a regional dialect, especially one without a written tradition?

The term that refers to a regional dialect, especially one without a written tradition, is "patois." Patois typically describes a form of speech that is informal and rooted in specific geographic or cultural communities. It often reflects the unique vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation of the local population, and it may incorporate influences from various languages and traditions. Patois is usually less formalized compared to standard languages, making it more reflective of oral traditions and everyday communication within a community, often lacking a formal written component.

The other terms provided do not relate to regional dialects. "Penurious" describes someone who is very poor or miserly, "ossify" refers to the process of turning into bone or becoming rigid in attitude or thinking, and "palpitate" means to beat rapidly or flutter, usually in reference to the heart. Thus, they do not apply in the context of dialects or language.